Cataracts are a common eye condition where the lens of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque, leading to a decrease in vision clarity. This clouding occurs when proteins in the lens clump together and disrupt the passage of light through the eye, making it difficult to see clearly. Cataracts typically develop gradually, often due to aging, but can also be caused by factors such as prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, certain medications like corticosteroids, or underlying health conditions like diabetes. In some cases, cataracts may be present from birth due to genetic factors. Symptoms usually include blurred vision, difficulty seeing at night, sensitivity to glare, and changes in color perception. Diagnosis is generally made through a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity tests and a slit-lamp examination. The primary treatment for cataracts is surgical intervention, which involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens. This procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis and is considered highly effective, with a high success rate in restoring vision. For those with less severe cataracts or who are not yet ready for surgery, adjustments in prescription glasses or contact lenses, along with increased lighting, can help manage symptoms. Regular eye check-ups are important for monitoring the progression of cataracts and determining the appropriate time for surgery.
